CLIENTEARTH
ClientEarth's objects are the promotion and protection of the environment for the public benefit by the use of the law, to provide legal assistance to those who otherwise do not have access thereto, to promote education on environmental rights and responsibilities and to conduct research thereon. We will achieve these goals through advocacy, litigation, and research.
Objects
(I)TO PROMOTE AND ENCOURAGE THE ENHANCEMENT, RESTORATION, CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH, FOR THE PUBLIC BENEFIT; (2)TO ADVANCE THE EDUCATION OF THE PUBLIC IN ALL MATTERS RELATING TO THE LAW, PRACTICE AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN CONNECTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT; (3)TO RELIEVE POVERTY THROUGH THE PROVISION OF LEGAL SERVICES TO THOSE WHO CANNOT OTHERWISE AFFORD THEM; (4)TO PROMOTE, ASSIST, UNDERTAKE AND COMMISSION RESEARCH INTO THE LAW, PRACTICE, AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN CONNECTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND MATTERS RELATING THERETO, INCLUDING THE IMPACT, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, OF ANY HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO DISSEMINATE THE USEFUL RESULTS OF SUCH RESEARCH.
Financial health, per its FY2025 accounts
The accounts state that the charity ended the year with a surplus of £13.4 million and free unrestricted reserves of £12 million, which is above its stated policy target of £6.8 million. The trustees report that the charity has adequate resources to continue as a going concern and has successfully diversified its income base to enhance financial resilience.
What the accounts disclose
“£210,001 - £220,000 2025 Number 2024 Number 37 15 9 4 2 2 1 1 - 25 18 10 2 1 2 1 1 1 Pension contributions for employees whose annual remuneration was £60,000 or more amounted to £261,533 (2024: £239,211).” — page 58
“The number of employees whose annual remuneration was £60,000 or more were: £ 60,000 - £ 70,000 £ 70,001 - £ 80,000 £ 80,001 - £ 90,000 £ 90,001 - £100,000 £100,001 - £110,000 £110,001 - £120,000 £120,001 - £130,000 £130,001 - £140,000 £140,001 - £150,000 £200,001 - £210,000 £210,001 - £220,000 2025 Number 2024 Number 37 15 9 4 2 2 1 1 - 25 18 10 2 1 2 1 1 1” — page 58
“Top Donors Included within income are the following top ten donors: 2025 £ Waverley Street Foundation Children's Investment Fund Foundation Sigrid Rausing Trust Quadrature Climate Foundation Postcode Lottery Players AKO Foundation ClimateWorks Foundation 9,019,328 4,920,817 2,250,000 2,081,078 1,750,000 1,583,333 1,334,213” — page 54
“The charity’s reserves policy considers the financial risks that the charity is exposed to and sets the target level of free reserves accordingly at 25% of annual operating expenditure (defined as total annual expenditure, less sub-grant and litigation costs, one-off provisions, and unrealised gains and losses).”
“During the year £28,000 was charged (2024 - £nil) in respect of remuneration for Chair Emma Howard Boyd for the period April 2024 to December 2025. It was agreed by the board that the post should be remunerated based on the additional responsibilities and time commitment required of the role.” — page 55
“During the year grants and sub-grants of $886,043 (2024: $467,464) were given to ClientEarth USA, Inc.. During the year the charity also received income of £2,222,363 (2024: £2,755,264) from ClientEarth USA, Inc., which represents direct grants or grants and donations from foundations and major donors via the US entity. Three trustees of the charity are also members of the board of ClientEarth USA, Inc..” — page 69
“ClientEarth Trading Ltd is a trading subsidiary of ClientEarth in the UK. ClientEarth is the sole member of the company. The subsidiary exists exclusively to carry out small-scale non-primary purpose trading activities.”
Policies the charity declares
- Bullying and harassment policy and procedures
- Campaigns and political activity policy and procedures
- Complaints handling
- Complaints policy and procedures
- Conflicting interests
- Financial reserves policy and procedures
- Internal charity financial controls policy and procedures
- Internal risk management policy and procedures
- Investing charity funds policy and procedures
- Investment
- Paying staff
- Risk management
- Safeguarding policy and procedures
- Safeguarding vulnerable beneficiaries
- Serious incident reporting policy and procedures
- Social media policy and procedures
- Trustee conflicts of interest policy and procedures
- Trustee expenses policy and procedures
- Volunteer management
From the charity’s annual return (Part A, self-declared)
Self-declared on the annual return for the financial year ending 31/12/2025
- Government income: £895,857 — grants £895,857 (3); 2% of the £44,116,074 total gross income on the same return
- Employees paid over £60,000: 71 (£60,001–£70,000: 37; £70,001–£80,000: 15; £80,001–£90,000: 9; £90,001–£100,000: 4; £100,001–£110,000: 2; £120,001–£130,000: 2; £140,001–£150,000: 1; £200,001–£250,000: 1)
- Trustee benefits, answered Yes to: any trustee benefit; payments to trustees for acting as trustee
- Has a trading subsidiary
Self-declared on the annual return for the financial year ending 31/12/2024
- Government income: £452,502 — grants £452,502 (2); 2% of the £26,499,465 total gross income on the same return
- Employees paid over £60,000: 61 (£60,001–£70,000: 25; £70,001–£80,000: 18; £80,001–£90,000: 10; £90,001–£100,000: 2; £100,001–£110,000: 1; £110,001–£120,000: 2; £130,001–£140,000: 1; £140,001–£150,000: 1; £200,001–£250,000: 1)
- Has a trading subsidiary
Self-declared on the annual return for the financial year ending 31/12/2023
- Employees paid over £60,000: 65 (£60,001–£70,000: 31; £70,001–£80,000: 14; £80,001–£90,000: 10; £90,001–£100,000: 2; £100,001–£110,000: 1; £110,001–£120,000: 1; £120,001–£130,000: 3; £150,001–£200,000: 2; £200,001–£250,000: 1)
- Has a trading subsidiary
Corporate structure
- Registered company of the charity Companies House 02863827
- Trading subsidiary: CLIENTEARTH TRADING LTD Companies House 13095280
- Profit before tax: £-4k
- Amounts owed to group undertakings: £28,718
Leadership, per the charity’s website
- James Thornton — President and Founder
Funders the charity credits
- Postcode Lottery
Company officers (Companies House)
- JOHNSON, Justin Robert on trustee list
- WANYOIKE, Rachel Wangechi on trustee list
- CLARKE, Amy on trustee list
- WILD, Hilary Frances on trustee list
- PATEL, Champa Khimji on trustee list
- RAMAKRISHNA, Kilaparti, Dr on trustee list
- RIVETT-CARNAC, Thomas Charles on trustee list
- HOWARD BOYD, Emma not on trustee list
- REID, Alexander Lyman on trustee list
- RAZZOUK, Assaad Wajdi on trustee list
- STRATENWERTH, Georg on trustee list
- MCINTOSH, Winsome on trustee list
Property (HM Land Registry)
Advertised salaries (public job ads)
- Head of People and Culture — £76,431 per year
- Lead, International Programme Management — £63,491 per year
- Philanthropy Manager — £50,331 per year
- Music & Culture Manager — £50,331 per year
Structured financials (annual return, FY ending 31/12/2025)
Trustees
- Emma Howard Boydchair
- Alexander Lyman Reid
- Amy Clarke
- Assaad Wajdi Razzouk
- Champa Khimji Patel
- Dr KILAPARTI RAMAKRISHNA
- Justin Johnson
- Rachel Wangechi Wanyoike
- Thomas Charles Rivett-Carnac
- WINSOME MCINTOSH
Income and spending
| Financial year end | Income | Spending |
|---|---|---|
| 31/12/2025 | £44.1m | £30.8m |
| 31/12/2024 | £26.5m | £29.2m |
| 31/12/2023 | £29.4m | £35.2m |
| 31/12/2022 | £30.9m | £28.1m |
| 31/12/2021 | £28.3m | £21.6m |
Common questions
Is CLIENTEARTH financially healthy?
Per its FY2025 accounts: The accounts state that the charity ended the year with a surplus of £13.4 million and free unrestricted reserves of £12 million, which is above its stated policy target of £6.8 million. The trustees report that the charity has adequate resources to continue as a going concern and has successfully diversified its income base to enhance financial resilience. Its FY2025 accounts were audited by Crowe U.K. LLP.
What does the highest-paid employee of CLIENTEARTH earn?
Per its FY2025 accounts, the highest-paid employee was in the £210,001 - £220,000 band, and 71 employees earned over £60,000.
Who funds CLIENTEARTH?
Funders whose own accounts filings name CLIENTEARTH as a grant recipient include THE CHILDREN'S INVESTMENT FUND FOUNDATION (UK), AKO FOUNDATION, THE J VAN MARS FOUNDATION, MONTPELIER FOUNDATION LIMITED, The Global Returns Project Limited.
Known funders
| Funder | Year | Amount | Purpose (as stated by the funder) |
|---|---|---|---|
| THE CHILDREN'S INVESTMENT FUND FOUNDATION (UK) | FY2022 | £7.5m | Climate Change |
| AKO FOUNDATION | FY2022 | £2.5m | Legal advocacy |
| THE J VAN MARS FOUNDATION | FY2021 | £750k | |
| AKO FOUNDATION | FY2021 | £750k | towards the ClientEarth Forest Conservation Legal Defence Fund |
| THE CHILDREN'S INVESTMENT FUND FOUNDATION (UK) | FY2023 | Unverified read£618k | Climate Change |
| MONTPELIER FOUNDATION LIMITED | FY2021 | £350k | |
| THE J VAN MARS FOUNDATION | FY2025 | £300k | |
| THE J VAN MARS FOUNDATION | FY2024 | £300k | |
| The Global Returns Project Limited | FY2026 | £256k | Legal action against polluters |
| AKO FOUNDATION | FY2022 | £250k | Legal advocacy for environmental rights |
| THE J VAN MARS FOUNDATION | FY2022 | £238k | |
| THE TOLKIEN TRUST | FY2025 | £155k | |
| THE TOLKIEN TRUST | FY2023 | £155k | |
| LUCILLE FOUNDATION | FY2025 | £150k | to support core costs. ClientEarth uses the power of the law to combat climate change and pollution, secure peoples’ environmental rights and protect and restor |
| LUCILLE FOUNDATION | FY2022 | £150k | to support core costs. ClientEarth uses the power of the law to combat climate change and pollution, secure peoples’ environmental rights and protect and restor |
| LUCILLE FOUNDATION | FY2024 | £150k | support core costs |
| LUCILLE FOUNDATION | FY2023 | £150k | to support core costs. ClientEarth uses the power of the law to combat climate change and pollution, secure peoples’ environmental rights and protect and restor |
| THE SAVITRI WANEY CHARITABLE TRUST | FY2023 | £100k | Environmental Health - Toxics, chemicals and pollution |
| THE SAVITRI WANEY CHARITABLE TRUST | FY2022 | £100k | Plastics and harmful chemicals legal team |
| THE SAVITRI WANEY CHARITABLE TRUST | FY2025 | £100k | Stopping Harmful Chemicals |
| HARTSWOOD TRUST | FY2023 | £100k | |
| THE SAVITRI WANEY CHARITABLE TRUST | FY2024 | £100k | Grants to institutions |
| JOHN ELLERMAN FOUNDATION | FY2025 | £100k | Towards core costs associated with UK clean air work |
| JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION | FY2025 | £100k | Deep Code Legal Interventions for Regenerative Economies |
| JOHN ELLERMAN FOUNDATION | FY2022 | £100k | Towards the costs of their UK Clean Air Programme. |
| THE SAVITRI WANEY CHARITABLE TRUST | FY2026 | £100k | Plastics and Harmful Chemicals legal team |
| THE MARK LEONARD TRUST | FY2022 | £83k | Towards the employment of a lawyer within the Climate Finance Initiative. |
| THE AURORA TRUST | FY2025 | £83k | A three-year grant to support for the Accountable Finance team |
| THE J J CHARITABLE TRUST | FY2025 | £83k | Accountable Finance team |
| THE J J CHARITABLE TRUST | FY2022 | £83k | Towards to fund a lawyer within the Climate Finance Initiative |
| Tinsley Charitable Trust | FY2022 | £79k | |
| The Global Returns Project Limited | FY2025 | £71k | Environmental law |
| LEVINE FAMILY FOUNDATION | FY2025 | £70k | |
| EARTHPERCENT | FY2024 | £65k | Launching new cases including greenwashing lawsuit against BlackRock and action against Germany. |
| THE SAMWORTH FOUNDATION | FY2026 | £60k | Core grant |
| THE AURORA TRUST | FY2025 | £54k | A two-year grant (£26,680 in 2024/25 and £27,347 in 2025/26) to run a Judicial Training Programme for judges across Asia |
| THE TOLKIEN TRUST | FY2022 | £50k | |
| PRISM THE GIFT FUND | FY2021 | £50k | Grants to institutions/organisations |
| EARTHPERCENT | FY2023 | £50k | Legal & Policy Change |
| LEVINE FAMILY FOUNDATION | FY2024 | £50k | |
| THE RISMAN FOUNDATION | FY2025 | £50k | Innovation Lab for legal interventions |
| HARTSWOOD TRUST | FY2024 | £50k | |
| The Global Returns Project Limited | FY2024 | £49k | |
| Tinsley Charitable Trust | FY2023 | £45k | |
| THE RISMAN FOUNDATION | FY2024 | £40k | Environment |
| THE AURORA TRUST | FY2024 | £40k | Towards a lawyer within Client Earth’s forests team |
| 10 % For The Ocean | FY2023 | £38k | |
| THE AURORA TRUST | FY2022 | £38k | Towards the costs of a new lawyer in its forest litigation team. |
| THE AURORA TRUST | FY2023 | £38k | To contribute to the costs of a new lawyer in its forest litigation team. |
| JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION | FY2023 | £36k | Hidden wiring - wealth and law |
Government & lottery funding
| Funder | Date | Amount | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2025 | £30k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2025 | £150k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/03/2025 | £50k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Postcode Lottery | 25/02/2025 | £1.8m | Regular Grant 2025 |
| Greenwood Place | 01/01/2025 | £450k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2024 | £150k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/08/2024 | £40k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| UK government | 01/04/2024 | £194k | DARCC048: Building legal capacity to improve forest management in Liberia |
| Greenwood Place | 01/03/2024 | £50k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/01/2024 | £450k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Postcode Lottery | 01/12/2023 | £1.5m | Regular Grant 2024 |
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2023 | £150k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/08/2023 | £20k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Postcode Lottery | 07/02/2023 | £1.6m | Regular Grant 2023 |
| Greenwood Place | 01/01/2023 | £350k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2022 | £150k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/08/2022 | £50k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 29/03/2022 | £50k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Postcode Lottery | 10/02/2022 | £1.5m | Regular Grant 2022 |
| Greenwood Place | 01/01/2022 | £150k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2021 | £150k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/01/2021 | £50k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2020 | £150k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Greenwood Place | 01/12/2019 | £100k | Grant to ClientEarth |
| Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, UK Branch | 23/03/2017 | £50k | Client Earth |
Funders of similar charities
| Funder | Similar charities funded | Amount to them |
|---|---|---|
| THE REED FOUNDATION | 2 | £184k |
| ASPEN TRUST | 1 | £2.2m |
| THE FIDELITY UK FOUNDATION | 1 | £390k |
| ROYAL SOCIETY OF WILDLIFE TRUSTS | 1 | £307k |
| THE ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOUNDATION | 1 | £182k |
| THE LEGAL EDUCATION FOUNDATION | 1 | £178k |
| THE ADRIAN SWIRE CHARITABLE TRUST | 1 | £110k |
| THE ORR MACKINTOSH FOUNDATION LIMITED | 1 | £53k |
Charities like this
- CONTAMINATED LAND: APPLICATIONS IN REAL ENVIRONMENTS
- WIRRAL ENVIRONMENTAL NETWORK
- CLIMATE RESPONSE LIMITED
- EARTH TRUST
- BALANCED EARTH
- FRIENDS OF THE EARTH CHARITABLE TRUST
Side by side with its peers
| Charity | Income | Top pay band | Staff >£60k | Reserves vs policy | Fundraising cost | Going concern |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLIENTEARTH | £44.1m | £210,001 - £220,000 | 71 | unclear | — | no doubt |
| CONTAMINATED LAND: APPLICATIONS IN REAL ENVIRONMENTS | £1.5m | £70,001 - £80,000 | — | unclear | — | no doubt |
| WIRRAL ENVIRONMENTAL NETWORK | £63k | — | 0 | above | — | no doubt |
| CLIMATE RESPONSE LIMITED | £545k | — | 0 | unclear | — | no doubt |
| EARTH TRUST | £2.6m | — | — | unclear | — | no doubt |
| BALANCED EARTH | £37k | — | 0 | unclear | — | no doubt |